Thaharah, Hadats, and Tayammum
الطَّهَارَةُ وَالتَّيَمُّمُ
الطَّهَارَةُ شَرْطٌ لِلصَّلَاةِ وَالطَّوَافِ. وَيَجُوزُ التَّيَمُّمُ عِنْدَ عَدَمِ الْمَاءِ أَوِ الْعَجْزِ عَنِ اسْتِعْمَالِهِ. فَرَائِضُهُ: النِّيَّةُ، وَمَسْحُ الْوَجْهِ، وَمَسْحُ الْيَدَيْنِ إِلَى الْكُوعَيْنِ بِالتُّرَابِ الطَّاهِرِ.
Translation
Thaharah is a condition for prayer and tawaf. Tayammum is permissible when there is no water or unable to use it. Fardhu tayammum: intention, wipe the face, wipe both hands up to the wrists with holy soil.
Commentary
Tayammum is Allah's special relief for the people of the Prophet ﷺ. The soil for tayammum must be pure and contain dust. 'Not being able to use water' includes: illness that gets worse if exposed to water, water is only for drinking, or water is very expensive.