🔤Arabic Grammar & Morphology

Characteristics

الخصائص

Author: أبو الفتح عثمان بن جني الموصلي (المتوفى: 392هـ) (d. 392)

About this work

كِتَابُ ٱلْخَصَائِصِ من أشهر كتب فقه اللغة وفلسفتها، وأسرار العربية ووقائعها، ألَّفهُ ابْنُ جِنِّيٍّ، وقال في مقدمة كتابه عنه: «كتاب لم أزل على فارط الحال، وتقادم الوقت، ملاحظا له، عاكف الفكر عليه، منجذب الرأي والروية إليه وأدا أن أجد مهملا أقيله به، أو خللا أرتقه بعمله، والوقت يزداد بنواديه ضيقا، ولا ينهج إلى الابتداء طريقا، هذا مع إعظامي له، وإعصامي بالأسباب المناطة به، واعتقادي فيه أنه من أشرف ما صنف في علم العرب، وأذهبه في طريق القياس والنظر.. وأجمعه للأدلة على ما أودعته هذه اللغة الشريفة...». ويعد الكتاب أهم كتب ابن جني إذ فتق اللغة العربية فيه تفتيقًا. …

Translation

The Book of Characteristics is one of the most famous books on philology and philosophy, and the secrets and facts of the Arabic language. It was written by Ibn Jinni, and he said in the introduction to his book about it: “A book that I have always been in a state of disarray, and the passage of time, noticing it, contemplating it, drawing my opinion and insight into it, and I would find a negligence with which I would dismiss it, or a flaw in which I would improve with its work, and time would increase with its passing. narrow, and does not approach the beginning in a way, despite my veneration for it, my disobedience to the reasons entrusted to it, and my belief in it that it is one of the most honorable things written in Arab science, and I take it along the path of analogy and theory... and I collect it as evidence for what this honorable language has deposited....” The book is considered the most important of Ibn Jinni's books, as he completely invented the Arabic language in it. …

Topics covered

First volume
the introduction
This is the chapter on the separation between speech and speech
Chapter on saying about language and what it is
Chapter on saying as
Chapter on saying on parsing
Chapter on construction
Chapter on the origin of the language: is it inspiration or terminology?
Chapter on mentioning the reasons for Arabic language or jurisprudence?
Chapter on the statement of uniformity and anomaly
A chapter on refraining from hearing and struggling to extract
Chapter on Arabic standards
Chapter on the permissibility of analogy with what is less, and rejecting it with what is more than it
Chapter on the conflict between hearing and analogy
A chapter on approval
Chapter on specifying the causes
Chapter on mentioning the difference between the positive reason and the permissible reason
Chapter on conflicting causes
Chapter on the fact that if the reason does not pass, it is not valid
Chapter on the cause and the cause of the cause
Chapter on the ruling on the effect with two causes
Chapter on inserting the vowel and abbreviating it
Chapter on the role of morbidity
A chapter on causing harm to them due to their actions
Chapter on protesting the statement of the dissenter

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