Marriage Law & 5 Legal Conditions
حُكْمُ النِّكَاحِ وَشُرُوطُهُ
النِّكَاحُ مُسْتَحَبٌّ لِمَنِ اشْتَاقَ وَلَمْ يَخَفِ الْجَوْرَ، وَوَاجِبٌ لِمَنْ خَافَ الزِّنَا. وَيَصِحُّ بِخَمْسَةِ شُرُوطٍ: مَعْرِفَةُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ، رِضَاهُمَا، وَلِيٌّ، شَاهِدَانِ عَدْلَانِ، صِيغَةٌ.
Translation
Sunnah marriage is for those who desire and are not worried about wrongdoing. Mandatory for those who are worried about committing adultery. Valid with 5 conditions: (1) Know the identity of husband and wife, (2) Consent to both, (3) Guardian, (4) Two fair witnesses, (5) Shighat consent.
Commentary
A guardian is mandatory in the Shafi'i madhhab — a marriage without a guardian is invalid. Order of guardians: father > grandfather > brother > uncle > guardian judge. Shighat must use the word 'zawwajtu' or 'ankahtuka' from the guardian and 'qabiltu' from the groom.