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A touchstone of logic

محك النظر في المنطق

Author: أبو حامد محمد بن محمد الغزالي الطوسي (المتوفى: 505هـ) (d. 505)

About this work

محك النظر كتاب في المنطق ألفه الإمام الغزالي(المتوفى: 505هـ) .تميز كتاب محك الإمام الغزالي محك النظر في انه يعد نقطة تحول أعقبت معيار العلم فرسخت هذا الهضم الكامل للمنطق وحولته إلى معاني إسلامية شرقية بلسان عربي كامل. حيث ان أبحاث الكتاب تدور حول موضوعات المنطق التقليدية: الحد والقضية والقياس. ويختلف كتاب محك النظر عن سابقيه من كتب الغزالي مثل مقاصد الفلاسفة ومعيار العلم. ففيه نحا الإمام منحى مغاير لمصطلحات المنطق التقليدية وأمعن بالإيفال في المضامين الإسلامية والمصطلحات العربية والفقهية والكلامية. إذ ينقسم مبحث الحد في المحك إلى موضعين أساسيين يقعان ضمن قسمي الكتاب. …

Translation

The Touchstone of Consideration is a book on logic written by Imam Al-Ghazali (died: 505 AH). Imam Al-Ghazali’s book Touchstone of Consideration is distinguished in that it is considered a turning point that followed the standard of science, establishing this complete digestion of logic and transforming it into Eastern Islamic meanings in a complete Arabic language. The book's research revolves around traditional logic topics: limit, proposition, and analogy. The book “The Touchstone of Consideration” differs from Al-Ghazali’s previous books, such as “The Objectives of the Philosophers” and “The Criterion of Science.” In it, the Imam took a different approach to the traditional terminology of logic and delved into the Islamic contents and Arabic, jurisprudential, and theological terminology. The study of the limit in the test is divided into two main topics that fall within the two sections of the book. …

Topics covered

The touchstone of sight
An introduction that outlines the purpose of the book, its arrangement, and its sections
Saying about the terms of measurement
Analogy is based on three arts
First art
The second art: considering how to compose introductions
In the precedents, it contains three chapters
Chapter One:
In the meaning of words
Chapter Two:
In considering single meanings
Chapter Three:
From the art of precedents in precedent rulings
The meanings are composed in a way that includes confirmation and disbelief
First detail
Second detail
The third detail is in explaining the opposite of silver
The fourth detail explains the opposite of the case
Second art
From the criterion of measurement in objectives
The third art of purposes
Chapter Two
In the realm of certainty and belief
The third art of measurement
In the appendices and chapters

مختصر في الطب العلاج بالأغذية والأعشاب