⚖️Legal Theory & Maxims (Usul al-Fiqh)

Differences = lightning lights in the lights of differences

الفروق = أنوار البروق في أنواء الفروق

Author: أبو العباس شهاب الدين أحمد بن إدريس بن عبد الرحمن المالكي الشهير بالقرافي (المتوفى: 684هـ) (d. 684)

About this work

هذا كتاب في أصول الفقه والقواعد الفقهية، ألفه الإمام القرافي بعنوان "الفروق" أو "أنوار البروق في أنواء الفروق". يهدف المؤلف إلى بيان الفروق الدقيقة بين القواعد والأحكام الشرعية المتشابهة، معتمدًا على منهج المقارنة والتفصيل في المسائل الفقهية والأصولية. يبدأ الكتاب بخطبة تمهيدية، ثم يتناول فصولًا وأبوابًا متعددة، مثل الفرق بين الشهادة والرواية، والفرق بين قاعدتي الإنشاء والخبر، والفرق بين الشروط اللغوية وغيرها، مع سرد مسائل تطبيقية متنوعة.

Translation

This is a book on the principles of jurisprudence and jurisprudential rules, written by Imam Al-Qarafi, entitled “The Differences” or “Anwar Al-Buruq fi Anwa Al-Fariq”. The author aims to explain the subtle differences between similar legal rules and rulings, relying on the comparative and detailed approach in matters of jurisprudence and fundamentalism. The book begins with an introductory sermon, then covers multiple chapters and sections, such as the difference between testimony and narration, the difference between the rules of construction and predicate, and the difference between linguistic conditions and others, while listing various applied issues.

Topics covered

Al-Fariq by Al-Qarafi = the lights of the lightning in the lights of the differences
Book sermon
The difference between testimony and narration
The issue of the slave’s justice narrating a hadith that includes his emancipation
The issue of conflicting evidence in the testimony
The difference between the construction and predicate rules
Separate construction sections
The first issue: The man said to his wife, “You are on me like my mother’s back.”
The second issue: He said to his wife, “You are divorced,” and he has no intention of doing so
The third issue is the saying of the one who said, “Your rope is upon your grave.”
The fifth issue: Divorce by heart without speaking
Chapter on the news, which contains issues
The fifth issue is that the result of the two true premises is false
The eighth issue is impossible in the outcome
The second issue: He said, “You are divorced today if you speak to so-and-so tomorrow.”
The fifth issue: He said that if she starts talking to you, then you are divorced, so talk to her
The sixth issue: He said, “You are divorced, God willing.”
The seventh issue: He said, “If I do such and such, then I must divorce, God willing.”
The difference between the if and if conditional rules
The eighth issue: You are divorced if you speak to Zaid or enter the house
The third issue is that no one comments on it unless it is doubtful
The fourth issue is that the condition only applies to something that does not exist in the future
The fifth issue is where and where of the general formulas
The ninth issue is the requirement of will when pronouncing actions
The tenth issue is mentioning the condition for explanation without commenting

الفقه والشريعة